Total Quality Management is a process
It can be categorized into three measure factors like Quality Management,Quality Planning and Quality Improvement.If any of these three factors go missing,then TQM in any organization cannot be successful.Total Quality Management is a must for any organization which needs to survive in today's competitive environment and also sustain leadership in it's own field.
Let us look at each of these factors in detail.
Quality Management:It is a strategy of Management to achieve and improve Quality.
Let us start by defining Quality.Some define it as luxurious,shining,expensive,pleasant and so on.A toilet soap is quality as it has pleasant odor.But pleasant odor to one need not be pleasant to some other person.Some people define quality as reliability fitness for use and durability.These are subject description/perceptions which do not add value to consumers.
quality needs to be defined as conformance to standards or requirements.Requirements can be obtained from Voice of customer which gets translated into requirements or specifications.With this definition there cannot be any ambiguity at all.This can be further translated into Quality of Design and Quality of Conformance.
Quality of Designs deals with REQUIREMENTS and Quality of conformance deals with with how often do we need to meet these requirements.Quality of Design involves all the people in Organization like sales/Marketing/Research and Development/Finance/Manufacturing/Planning/Purchase.Whereas the Quality of conformance is the main responsibility of Quality Management.
Birth of Quality Function:
After industrialization,people were appointed by organization to assess the quality of products manufactured.This resulted in testing the products and categorized them into release,reject and rework.This function was named as quality control.
Quality Assurance:
Techniques like Statistical quality control were used by organization to assure quality of product by removing defects during process rather than end of the production cycle.
However to have better control on quality of product,SQC was further used at suppliers end,so that the quality of incoming raw material was assured and used in production process to further tighten and assure the quality.
In short the emphasis was on prevention rather than cure.
It can be categorized into three measure factors like Quality Management,Quality Planning and Quality Improvement.If any of these three factors go missing,then TQM in any organization cannot be successful.Total Quality Management is a must for any organization which needs to survive in today's competitive environment and also sustain leadership in it's own field.
Let us look at each of these factors in detail.
Quality Management:It is a strategy of Management to achieve and improve Quality.
Let us start by defining Quality.Some define it as luxurious,shining,expensive,pleasant and so on.A toilet soap is quality as it has pleasant odor.But pleasant odor to one need not be pleasant to some other person.Some people define quality as reliability fitness for use and durability.These are subject description/perceptions which do not add value to consumers.
quality needs to be defined as conformance to standards or requirements.Requirements can be obtained from Voice of customer which gets translated into requirements or specifications.With this definition there cannot be any ambiguity at all.This can be further translated into Quality of Design and Quality of Conformance.
Quality of Designs deals with REQUIREMENTS and Quality of conformance deals with with how often do we need to meet these requirements.Quality of Design involves all the people in Organization like sales/Marketing/Research and Development/Finance/Manufacturing/Planning/Purchase.Whereas the Quality of conformance is the main responsibility of Quality Management.
Birth of Quality Function:
After industrialization,people were appointed by organization to assess the quality of products manufactured.This resulted in testing the products and categorized them into release,reject and rework.This function was named as quality control.
Quality Assurance:
Techniques like Statistical quality control were used by organization to assure quality of product by removing defects during process rather than end of the production cycle.
However to have better control on quality of product,SQC was further used at suppliers end,so that the quality of incoming raw material was assured and used in production process to further tighten and assure the quality.
In short the emphasis was on prevention rather than cure.
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